Backhold Wrestling has origins dating back to ancient times, believed to be one of the earliest forms of martial arts. Historical evidence indicates this grappling technique was practiced in the 7th and 8th centuries, as illustrated on crosses and standing stones found in Scotland, highlighting the sport’s long-standing cultural significance and the values of strength, skill, and resilience.
Beyond Scotland, variations of the sport exist in at least ten other European countries, including Iceland, Albania, Netherlands, Hungary or Sardinia. This widespread presence underscores a shared appreciation for this primal art, which transcends geographical boundaries and resonates with a universal desire for freedom in physical expression.
In modern times, Backhold Wrestling has transformed into a structured competition, featuring organized district, national, and European Championships. Notably, the English Cumberland & Westmorland Wrestling Association has recognized its events as World Championships since 1900, promoting inclusivity by allowing any wrestler to participate. This evolution helps to preserve the rich legacy of Backhold Wrestling while fostering a spirit of camaraderie and competition among enthusiasts.
Modern Days
Modern Backhold Wrestling is a vibrant expression of Scottish culture, thriving through various competitions and festivals. This traditional sport has seamlessly integrated into the contemporary scene, attracting participants and spectators from around the world. With numerous clubs across Scotland, particularly in Edinburgh, Glasgow, and Carnoustie, the sport continues to prosper.
The International Federation of Celtic Wrestling (FILC), founded in 1985, plays a key role in bringing together different forms of Celtic wrestling, including Scottish Backhold. Events such as the Highland Games celebrate this rich heritage, showcasing athleticism and community spirit.
| Competition Type | Location | Notable Aspects |
|---|---|---|
| Highland Games | Various locations | Emphasizes cultural traditions |
| FILC Tournaments | International | Combines multiple Celtic styles |
| Local Wrestling Clubs | Edinburgh, Glasgow, etc. | Focus on community engagement |
| Youth Competitions | Throughout Scotland | Encourages the next generation |
Through these engagements, Backhold Wrestling remains a cherished tradition, fostering a sense of identity and belonging among its practitioners and fans alike.
Rules
In Backhold Wrestling, adherence to specific rules ensures fair competition and maintains the integrity of the sport. The competition begins when wrestlers establish a closed hold, with the right hand under the opponent’s left. The referee initiates the bout by shouting “hold” in Scotland or “wrestle” in England. The primary objective is to throw the opponent, with the first to touch the ground or break their hold deemed the loser.
Wrestlers compete across eight weight classes, from 9st 7lbs to over 15st 7lbs. Attire consists of white vests with embroidery, velvet pants, white tights, and either stockinged or bare feet, subject to referee approval. Notably, sweaters are not allowed.
Judging is rigorous, with two judges and a referee determining the outcome. A fall occurs when any part of the body, excluding the feet, touches the ground. Wrestlers may employ various techniques, including hypes, twists, and inner-hooks, while avoiding kicks. The essence of Backhold Wrestling lies in strategic grip retention and skilled execution of throws, ensuring a captivating balance of strength and technique.
